Authors prepare their manuscripts with care, and every submission passes through peer review. Occasionally, however, a published article may need to be withdrawn or removed for scientific reasons. This is never done lightly and only under extraordinary circumstances. Corrections, clarifications, retractions, and apologies are therefore handled under strict standards to preserve confidence in the authority of the electronic archive. Islamic Digital Religion and Intelligent Media is committed to maintaining the integrity and completeness of the scientific record for researchers and librarians.

To help maintain the integrity of the scholarly record, articles may occasionally be retracted. An article may be retracted if:

◦  A major scientific error would invalidate the conclusions — e.g., clear evidence that findings are unreliable, whether from misconduct (data fabrication) or honest error (miscalculation or experimental error).
◦  The findings were previously published elsewhere without proper cross-referencing, permission, or justification (redundant publication).
◦  Ethical issues such as plagiarism or inappropriate authorship are present.

RETRACTION PROCESS (COPE-ALIGNED)

Note: Retaining copyright does not automatically grant authors the right to retract an article after publication. The integrity of the published scientific record is paramount, and COPE's Retraction Guidelines still apply.

A correction may be issued if a small part of an otherwise reliable publication reports flawed or misleading data (especially from honest error), or if the author/contributor list is incorrect (a deserving author omitted, or someone included who does not meet authorship criteria). Corrections fall into three categories:

The decision to issue a correction rests with the journal's Editor(s), sometimes advised by reviewers or Editorial Board members. Handling Editors will contact the authors for clarification, but the final decision on whether a correction is required — and which type — rests with the Editors.

In a very limited number of cases it may be necessary to remove a published article from the online platform. This happens only where an article is clearly defamatory, infringes others' legal rights, is (or is reasonably expected to be) the subject of a court order, or, if acted upon, may pose a serious health risk. In such cases the article's metadata (title and author information) is retained, but the text is replaced with a screen indicating that the article has been removed for legal reasons.

Where an article, if acted upon, may pose a serious health risk, the authors may wish to retract the flawed original and replace it with a corrected version. The retraction procedures above are then followed, with the difference that the retraction notice contains a link to the corrected, re-published article together with a history of the document.