Screening for Plagiarism
Plagiarism is defined as the use or close imitation of another author's language and thoughts, presented as one's own original work. Articles must be original, unpublished, and unmodified. Any material taken verbatim from another source must be set apart by (1) indentation, (2) quotation marks, and (3) citation of the source. Any text exceeding fair-use standards, or graphic material reproduced from another source, requires permission from the copyright holder and, where feasible, the original author(s), with the source clearly identified.
All submitted articles are checked for similarity using Turnitin. The Managing Editor determines the course of action based on the detected similarity level, per the tiers below.
SIMILARITY INDEX — ACTION
For the 20–35% and < 20% tiers, authors must carefully revise the article, add all necessary citations, and effectively paraphrase outsourced text — then resubmit with a Turnitin report demonstrating a similarity score below 20%.


